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Geography of Somerset : ウィキペディア英語版 | Geography of Somerset
The county of Somerset is located in South West England, bordered by the Bristol Channel and the counties of Bristol and Gloucestershire to the north, and the counties of Wiltshire to the east, Dorset to the south, and Devon to the west. == Formation == (詳細はSouth West England. Shaped over the ages by a mixture of tectonic plate motion, volcanic eruption, ice and water erosion. Much of the "bowls`" low lying land has been sculptured by wave action, a result of the unusually large tidal flow of the north coastal water (the Bristol Channel), and its neighbouring county of Gloucestershire's tidal river, the Severn. This tide is one of the largest rise and falls in Europe of some on average. The secondary shaping process that has taken place over many millennia is the action of rainfall on the peaks of the Limestone depositions forming the majority of the underlying rock stratas. These depositions of many rock layers, a mixture of hard and soft rock types, and uplifting forces of volcanic activity give rise to the edges of the "bowl". Some of the hill ranges, such as the Mendips, can extend to heights in excess of above sea level in some parts of the county. This large height difference created past rivers of substantial erosive power. Examples of this erosion may be seen at Cheddar Gorge and the caves within it, where the soft limestone has been scoured into varied shapes and caverns of great depth and length. The action of the (''past'') inland tides are the forces that shaped the extent of the lowlands (or wetlands) for which Somerset has become famous. Much of the landscape of Somerset falls into types determined by the underlying geology. These landscapes are the limestone karst and lias of the north, the clay vales and wetlands of the centre, the oolites of the east and south, and the Devonian sandstone of the west.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 work=Good Rock Guide )〕 To the north-east of the Somerset Levels, the Mendip Hills are moderately high limestone hills. The central and western Mendip Hills was designated an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty in 1972 and covers 198 km2 (76 squ mi). The main habitat on these hills is calcareous grassland, with some arable agriculture. The Somerset coalfield is part of a larger coalfield which stretches into Gloucestershire. To the north of the Mendip hills is the Chew Valley and to the south, on the clay substrate, are broad valleys which support dairy farming and drain into the Somerset Levels.
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